European EN and International ISO standards Essay Example for Free

European EN and International ISO standards Essay The abbreviations â€Å"EN† refers to European Norm while â€Å"ISO† refer to International Standards Organization. Endoscopy literally means â€Å"looking inside† and it is usually refers to look inside the body usually in relation to medical reasons using an instrument called an endoscope. It is used to examine the interior parts of a hollow organ or cavity of the body, and they are inserted directly into the organ. The endoscopes, especially flexible endoscopes are usually complex but can be reused but require very unique conditions for reuse in respect to their decontamination. It is not only their outer surfaces that are exposed, but also their air channels, water channels and even their accessories that enable them to function in the right manner. Their exposure to body fluids and other contaminants means that their reuse has to be very carefully looked into so as to avoid spread of diseases. It is also important to realize that most endoscopes are heat labile and cannot be autoclaved meaning they change under different heat conditions. European (EN) and International (ISO) standards that would be applicable to an endoscope decontamination unit (EDU) in the UK As abstracted from EN ISO 15883, information from the manufacturers should be given prior to purchasing the endoscope. This implies that the manufacturer provides information such the best disinfectants to use with that particular endoscope and what is expected when cleaning, for example the bacteria expected to be found there and also if the disinfectant in question is compatible with the automatic reprocessor in which it is being used. (Gurusamy Manivannan, 2008) As per BS EN ISO 15883-1, a temperature recorder having no fewer than ten sensors should be used, and the specifications are well indicated in the ISO standard. This is because the endoscopes are heat labile, and temperature may affect the chemical compositions of the accessories or other chemicals involved. The manufacturer should also establish the worst conditions under of the devices configuration. Such conditions encompass temperature, detergent concentration and surrogate device configuration. This also includes water flow pressure for use during testing. This may also be categorized in a similar manner as biocompatibility testing where limits such as residual limits are stipulated as per ISO 10993. (Denise Sheard, 20120 The calibrations should be checked in accordance with ISO 10012-1 for uniformity purposes. These are usually dictated by manufacturers using a validated method of applying a sensible reference. Each instrument should also be labeled with a unique reference number. This is important when measuring passage of fluids or drugs so as to get accurate and true results. The standard prEN ISO 15883-1-2004 has a clause that indicates that the manufacture shall all addition information associated with the use and decontamination of the particular endoscope. Information such as maximum flow and pressure of fluids within each channel in the device and the maximum possible permissible restriction of flow within each channel is deemed important and must be provided. (James Walker, 2014) There is also a standard similar to both that the manufacturers may be requested to give information concerning the device at any stage, and act as consultants. This is stipulated in prEN ISO 15883-1-2004. This is important when complications arise that personnel involved were not expecting References Gurusamy Manivannan, Disinfection and decontamination: principles, applications and related issues. Boca Raton : CRC Press/Taylor Francis Group, 2008 Denise Sheard , A practical guide to decontamination in healthcare . Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2012. James Walker, Decontamination in hospitals and healthcare. Oxford: Woodhead Publishing, 2014 Source document

Space Station :: essays research papers

Social Import: The Cracks in the System An integral component to the infrastructure of government is law enforcement. In over two hundred years of prosperity, the United States has relied heavily upon the integrity of its law enforcement in maintaining order and securing the civil liberties of the American. The conduct and code of the police force in the United States has been exemplary, and has set the standards by which many nations have modeled their police departments after that of the U.S.. Disregarding the chain of the insidious debauchery during the 1920’s where prohibition resulted in prevalent organized crime and police corruption, law enforcement in America has maintained its scruples. However, as America enters into the new millennium, the integrity of the United States Law Enforcement is being compromised once again. With the recent outbursts of brutality and corruption within the urban areas of the United States, the civil liberties and public freedoms that this great nation was founded upon are being j eopardized as the citizens from the urban sectors to the suburban regions of America are being denied their rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Numerous incidents of police scandal have been recorded in several different cities throughout the United States. These incidents are becoming commonplace in the daily lives of many urban Americans. Police departments across the nation are becoming increasingly careless and apathetic in the preservation of integrity in their departments, but none have been as blatantly in violation of law enforcement codes as the Los Angeles Police Department. With its reputation in question for the better part of the 1990’s after recovering from the mishandling of the 1965 Watts Riots, the Los Angeles Police Department proved has proven itself guilty of violent brutality and devious corruption in the recent scandal; the largest scandal in the history of the department.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In an investigation conducted by a collaboration of agencies from the FBI to the Los Angeles District Attorney’s to the LAPD’s internal-affairs unit, investigators unraveled the cases of hundreds of wrong fully indicted victims. The evidence found in these investigations have led to the reversals of forty criminal convictions and hundreds of cases opened for review, including thousands of cases awaiting examination. In the ongoing process of apprehending of mischievous of the Los Angeles police officers, there have been four indicted officers, two others fired, twenty officers relieved of their duties, and scores of officers placed under suspicion. Space Station :: essays research papers Social Import: The Cracks in the System An integral component to the infrastructure of government is law enforcement. In over two hundred years of prosperity, the United States has relied heavily upon the integrity of its law enforcement in maintaining order and securing the civil liberties of the American. The conduct and code of the police force in the United States has been exemplary, and has set the standards by which many nations have modeled their police departments after that of the U.S.. Disregarding the chain of the insidious debauchery during the 1920’s where prohibition resulted in prevalent organized crime and police corruption, law enforcement in America has maintained its scruples. However, as America enters into the new millennium, the integrity of the United States Law Enforcement is being compromised once again. With the recent outbursts of brutality and corruption within the urban areas of the United States, the civil liberties and public freedoms that this great nation was founded upon are being j eopardized as the citizens from the urban sectors to the suburban regions of America are being denied their rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Numerous incidents of police scandal have been recorded in several different cities throughout the United States. These incidents are becoming commonplace in the daily lives of many urban Americans. Police departments across the nation are becoming increasingly careless and apathetic in the preservation of integrity in their departments, but none have been as blatantly in violation of law enforcement codes as the Los Angeles Police Department. With its reputation in question for the better part of the 1990’s after recovering from the mishandling of the 1965 Watts Riots, the Los Angeles Police Department proved has proven itself guilty of violent brutality and devious corruption in the recent scandal; the largest scandal in the history of the department.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In an investigation conducted by a collaboration of agencies from the FBI to the Los Angeles District Attorney’s to the LAPD’s internal-affairs unit, investigators unraveled the cases of hundreds of wrong fully indicted victims. The evidence found in these investigations have led to the reversals of forty criminal convictions and hundreds of cases opened for review, including thousands of cases awaiting examination. In the ongoing process of apprehending of mischievous of the Los Angeles police officers, there have been four indicted officers, two others fired, twenty officers relieved of their duties, and scores of officers placed under suspicion.

Nest Coffee Essay

1. Batch: 2011-2014 Course Code: 50121308Course Name: Marketing II Roll #601 Assignment #302 †¢ 2. Brand Name: Nescafe Parent Company: NestleYear of Establishment of Nestle: 1866 IntroductioNestle was established in Switzerland by Henri Nestle n Year of Entering the Indian Market: 1961 First Plant set up at Moga, Punjab Brief Overview: In 1930 the Brazilian governmentapproached Nestle to create a new instant coffee that would give the consumer another option and at the same time increase the dwindling coffee exports of Brazil. It took eight years but in 1938 Nestle introduced Nescafe. †¢ 3. Product Range (in India) †¢ 4. STP Analysis Targeting A target market is a set of buyers sharing common needs or characteristics that the company decides to serve. Positioning. Position is the act of designing the company image to occupy a distinctive place in the minds of the target markets. A product position is the way the product is defined by consumer attributes Segmentation Market segmentation means dividing a market into smaller group with distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviour who might require separate products or marketing mixes. †¢ 5. Segmentatio n Geographical Segmentation Nescafe has divided the country into four segments i.e. Southern, Northern, Eastern and Western. The Southern Segment consumes the most amount of Coffee and prefers hard and roasted coffee. Where was in Northern region, Nescafe instant coffee is consumed in higher quantities. Demographical SegmentationNescafe has tried to segment every age group, families, region, gender and different socio-economic. †¢ 6. Segmentatio Past n Nescafe was targeted to morning people PresentNescafe is now targeting the Youth According to Andrew Ward, worldwide account director ofNescafe has launched a $30 millionglobal campaign, specifically aimed at 16-24 years old. Use of Youth Icons like Purab Kohli, Vir Das and Deepika Padukone as According to McCann-Erickson Brand Ambassadors World Group, coffee is the most popular drink among the youth. †¢ 7. Examples NESCAFE CAPPUCCINO Targeted to †¢ Premium urban consumers †¢ Core audience aged 17-30 †¢ Concentrates on the theme of â€Å"The magic world of endless pleasure†. NESCAFE CLASSIC Targeted to †¢ The urban professional †¢ Core audience aged 20-30†¢ Concentrates on the classic taste of coffee with the tagline â€Å"Coffee at its Best† †¢ 8. Positioning Nescafe’s positioning is â€Å"1 coffee cup, 1 good feeling † The TVCs and all Promotional Messages focus on passing love between two person. Sharing a cup of coffee is shown as a symbol of sharing happiness. The Red Nescafe mug is another popular symbol which associates the Brand Nescafe with the concept sharing happiness. Nescafe Classic is positioned as â€Å"100% Pure Instant Coffee† Nescafe Cappuccino is being positioned as â€Å"A true Cafe† †¢ 9. Tvc and Print Ads They all focus on positioning the brand as a symbol of shared happiness.

The Theory Of Child Labour - 1398 Words

The tem â€Å"Child Labour† is often defined as work that deprives children from their childhood, their potential and their dignity and that is harmful to physical and mental development. It is serious and extensive problem with many children under the age of 14 years. Children living in poorest household and in rural areas are mostly likely to be engaged in child labour. Children have worked for as long as families have needed all hands to pitch in. Beyond defining work as a means of survival, defining what work is appropriate for children and what to do about inappropriate work involves more complex judgments especially for firms doing business in the global economy.Child labor is linked to global business directly and more commonly, indirectly. Critics blame increased trade and financial flows for increased child labor, and those criticisms have undermined the legitimacy of further trade and financial liberalization. Statistics of child lobour: According to statistics there are 250 million children working and many of them full time. 120 million of these children exposed to hazardous forms of child labour. 68 Countries have been marked under â€Å"extreme risk† for child. Bangladesh, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Chad, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Mayanmar, Liberia, Sudan, Somalia and Zimbabwe to form the 12 countries at the bottom of ranking who scored 0.00 for possibility to remove child labour, whereas China scored 0.02 and ranking number 13th.Child labour is found in agricultural sectorShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Child Labour1522 Words   |  7 Pagesprevalence of child labour is a blot on society. It is a national disgrace that millions of children in this country have to spend a major part of their daily routine in hazardous works. 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The sample for labour market organizations consisted of seven people, majority of them were lead organizers/supervisors based in Karachi. Two sampling methods used in this research paper are Snowball sampling and Convenience sampling. Convenience sampling was used for interviews from youth belonging to the labour market of Karachi. However, interviews with organization’s members in Karachi’s labour market were accompanied via snowball sampling. The themes